Country code

     From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Country codes are short alphabetic or numeric geogephical codes (geocodes) developed to represent countries and dependent areas, for use in data processing and communications. Several different systems have been developed to do this. The most famous of these is ISO 3166-1.

Table of contents

1 ISO 3166-1 2 Other country codes 3 Other codings 4 Sample set of codes for one country 5 See also 6 External links

ISO 3166-1

Main article: ISO 3166-1 This standard defines for most of the countries and dependent areas in the world:

• a two letter (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2)
• a three-letter (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3), and
• a three-digit numeric (ISO 3166-1 numeric) code.

The two-letter codes are used as the basis for some other codes or applications, e.g.

• for ISO 4217 currency codes and
• with deviations for country code top-level domain names (ccTLDs) on the Internet: list of Internet TLDs.

For more applications see ISO 3166-1 alpha-2.

Other country codes

• The International Olympic Committee (IOC) three letter codes used in sporting events: list of IOC country codes,
• The coding system for car license plates under the 1949 and 1968 United Nations Road Traffic Conventions (distinguishing signs of vehicles in international traffic): List of international license plate codes,
• The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) two letter codes used by the US government and in the CIA World Factbook: list of FIPS country codes,
• The coding system for diplomatic license plates in the United States, assigned by the U.S. State Department.
• From the International Telecommunication Union (ITU):
  • the E.164 international dialling codes: list of country calling codes with 1-3 digits,
  • the first few characters of call signs of radio stations (maritime, aeronautical, amateur radio, broadcasting, etc.) define the country: the ITU prefix,
  • ITU letter codes for member-countries.
• European Union:
  • Before the 2004 EU enlargement the EU uses the UN Road Traffic Conventions license plate codes; thereafter it uses ISO 3166-1, with 2 exceptions: EL (not GR) is used for Greece, and UK (not GB) is used for the United Kingdom. [1]
  • The Nomenclature des unites territoriales statistiques (Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics, NUTS) of the European Union, mostly focusing on subdivisions of the EU member states
• From the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO):
  • aircraft registration prefixes,
  • nationality letters for location indicators.

The developers of ISO 3166 intended that in time it would replace other coding systems in existence.

Other codings

The following can represent countries:

• The initial digits of International Standard Book Numbers (ISBN) are group identifiers for countries, areas, or language regions.
• The first three digits of EAN-UCC article numbers, e.g. in barcodes, designate (national) numbering agencies.

Sample set of codes for one country

Data codes for Switzerland (sample set),

See also

language codes, numbering scheme

External links

• Comparison of various systems: http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/codes/country.htm
• Another comparison: http://www.statoids.com/wab.html