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James Bond

Summary: James Bond is a fictional character, a sophisticated British spy invented by and appearing in books by Ian Fleming (and later Kingsley Amis, John Gardner and Raymond Benson). Bond has the code name of 007, pronounced "double-oh seven." The 'double-oh' prefix indicates a 'license to kill', that is, permission to use deadly force at his discretion in the course of his duty. There is a highly successful and durable series of ...

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James Bond

     From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

James Bond is a fictional character, a sophisticated British spy invented by and appearing in books by Ian Fleming (and later Kingsley Amis, John Gardner and Raymond Benson). Bond has the code name of 007, pronounced "double-oh seven." The 'double-oh' prefix indicates a 'license to kill', that is, permission to use deadly force at his discretion in the course of his duty. There is a highly successful and durable series of films (mostly released by either United Artists or MGM), and some notable video games about the character.

"James Bond" has entered popular culture and language, with people using the phrase to describe something stealthy and/or futuristic: "right out of James Bond", "James Bond style security," and so on.

Warning: Plot details follow.

Table of contents
1 Personal information
2 Overview
3 Bond characters
4 Bond bits
5 Books
6 Films
7 Bond cars
8 Video Games
9 Parody
10 See also
11 External link
12 James Bond (ornithologist)

Personal information

James Bond is the son of a Scottish father, Andrew Bond, and a Swiss mother, Monique Delacroix, both of whom are dead from a climbing accident by the time of the books and movies. He went to school briefly at Eton College. In the movies he has a degree in Oriental Languages from Cambridge University, although this contradicts the information in the novels and the scene in Tomorrow Never Dies where Bond is unable to use a computer with a Chinese keyboard. He served in the Royal Navy before joining the Secret Service and holds the rank of Commander. In both the book and movie versions of On Her Majesty's Secret Service he marries, but his wife is killed the same day by his greatest enemy, Ernst Stavro Blofeld.

The literary (Fleming's) Bond was born in 1924, lying about his age entered the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve in 1941, gaining the rank of Commander by the end of the war.

The real James Bond, known as Jim to his friends and family, was an American ornithologist, whose claim to fame was the book Birds of the West Indies (first published 1936; re-issued 11 times). James Bond (born 1900 in Philadelphia, USA, deceased 1989) was Curator of Birds in the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. Ian Fleming, who was a keen bird watcher living in Jamaica, was familiar with Bond's book, and he chose the name of its author for the hero of Casino Royale in 1953.

Overview

Bond movies are known for their cartoonish villains, beautiful women (most of whom end up in bed with Bond), amazing gadgetry manufactured by "Q", (and now 'R'), and outrageous stunts. Most had little to do with the real activities of intelligence agencies, involving Bond in violent acts of derring-do to save the world from various apocalyptic madmen. The madmen invariably attempt to kill Bond using rather improbable and elaborate methods, from which Bond escapes after the gloating villain gives him the critical information necessary to thwart his fiendish plot. Despite the films' description as "thrillers," Bond's cocky character is rarely troubled, regardless of the odds facing him. Many of the original books have a much darker tone however, with fewer fantastic elements and gadgetry.

Bond is employed by the British Secret Intelligence Service, or MI6, a real-life institution. His superiors are known by single letters such as M and Q, a practice which is also used in the real institution where the chief, for example, is known as C.

Bond's female companions, as well as being beautiful, are often given names that are double entendres, leading to a succession of corny jokes. Examples include "Pussy Galore" in Goldfinger, "Plenty O'Toole" in Diamonds Are Forever, and "Xenia Onatopp" (a villain who gets sexually excited by strangling men between her shapely thighs) in GoldenEye. Despite Bond's patronising attitudes towards women, most of these leading ladies end up, if not in love with him, at least subdued by him.

Bond films began to look increasingly outdated throughout the 1980s, with the main character's sexism and the fixation with glamorous locations looking anachronistic, and his unruffled exterior increasingly incongruous when compared to movies such as Die Hard. After a relatively unsuccessful attempt to turn Bond in a harder-edged direction with Timothy Dalton as the main character, the 1990s revival with Pierce Brosnan in the lead role has been successful.

At least a little of the Bond character was based on the life of its creator, who was noted for his glamorous lifestyle (including a fair number of female companions). The character is also believed to have been inspired by several of Fleming's contemporaries in British Intelligence during World War Two. The famous Estoril Casino in Estoril, Portugal is credited as the birthplace of Bond. The Casino was a home away from home for many spies operating during World War II, with Portugal operating as a neutral ground during the conflict. Fleming was inspired by the atmosphere at the Casino, where much of Europe's royalty mingled openly with many of the world's covert agencies.

The first actor to play Bond was American Barry Nelson, in a 1954 CBS TV production of Casino Royale. In 1956, Bob Holness played the spy in a South African radio dramatisation of Moonraker.

James Bond is a moderate to heavy drinker, having consumed 100 alcoholic beverages in his films up to 2002, and more than 250 in Ian Fleming's novels. In the films, he has champagne 32 times, and drinks 20 vodka martinis.

James Bond is a household name (arguably the most successful fictional character ever) and has had a definitive impact on the spy genre, including some parodies like Casino Royale (1967), the Austin Powers movies, and Johnny English (2003). In the 1960s, the success of the 007 films inspired numerous television imitators, including The Man From U.N.C.L.E (to which Ian Fleming contributed, and the name "Napoleon Solo" was originally the name of a crime boss in Fleming's Goldfinger), I Spy, Get Smart, and The Wild Wild West.

Video games have been released based on all the movies from A View to a Kill (1985) onwards. There have also been a number of James Bond video games not based on an existing story.

Fleming saw the cover of a book on ornithology by an American author named "James Bond", and thought it would be a good name for his spy, since he wanted a name that sounded 'as ordinary as possible'.

Bond characters

Bond bits

  • Bond introduces himself with the words "The/My name is Bond, James Bond." This introduction is so well known that it has entered Western popular culture
  • He prefers his vodka martinis "shaken, not stirred" (although in the books this is rarely specified)
  • His family motto is Orbis non sufficit (Latin for "The world is not enough")

Books

by Ian Fleming

Fleming himself wrote twelve Bond novels. In order of publication, they are:

He also wrote two compilations of short stories featuring the character:
  • For Your Eyes Only. Five Secret Occasions in the Life of James Bond (1960)
    • including "For Your Eyes Only", "From a View to a Kill", "Quantum of Solace", "Risico", and "The Hildebrand Rarity"
  • Octopussy and The Living Daylights (1966)
    • including "Octopussy", "The Property Of A Lady" and "The Living Daylights"
Almost all of these stories later served as the basis (though sometimes little beyond the title) for Bond films. One additional short-short story, "007 in New York", appeared in Fleming's collection of travel essays, Thrilling Cities (1964).

by other authors

Other writers have written sequels since the death of Fleming, the first being Colonel Sun, by Kingsley Amis (writing as Robert Markham) in 1968.

In 1981, the series was revived, with new novels being written by John Gardner and then Raymond Benson.

John Gardner

  • License Renewed (1981)
  • For Special Services (1982)
  • Icebreaker (1983)
  • Role of Honour (1984)
  • Nobody Lives Forever (1986)
  • No Deals, Mr. Bond (1987)
  • Scorpius (1987)
  • Win, Lose or Die (1989)
  • Brokenclaw (1990)
  • The Man From Barbarossa (1991)
  • Death is Forever (1992)
  • Never Send Flowers (1993)
  • SeaFire (1994)
  • COLD (1996) (retitled Cold Fall for American publication)
Raymond Benson
  • Zero Minus Ten (1997)
  • The Facts of Death (1998)
  • High Time to Kill (1999)
  • Doubleshot (2000)
  • Never Dream of Dying (2001)
  • The Man with the Red Tattoo (2002)
Benson also wrote three James Bond short stories; "Blast from the Past" which appeared in the January 1997 issue of Playboy, "Midsummer Nights Doom" which appeared in the January 1999 issue of Playboy, and "Live at Five" which appeared in TV Guide in 1999.

In addition to the above novels, there were seven "novelizations" which were books based on the screenplays of Bond films.

  • James Bond, the Spy Who Loved Me (1977) by Christopher Wood
  • James Bond and Moonraker (1979) by Christopher Wood
  • Licence to Kill (1989) by John Gardner
  • GoldenEye (1995) by John Gardner
  • Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) by Raymond Benson
  • The World is Not Enough (1999) by Raymond Benson
  • Die Another Day (2002) by Raymond Benson

Films

Fans of Bond films tend to have their own favourite actor who has played the part. Sean Connery played him as the tough guy, always ready with the clenched fist beneath the polished exterior. Roger Moore's Bond was much older, smoother and more sophisticated, rarely getting a hair out of place while saving the world. The films of Timothy Dalton attempted to take Bond back to the darker roots of the books, making him a more complex and troubled character.

Note: The sequence numbers, where given, are those used by the makers of the "mainstream/official" Bond films.

starring Sean Connery

starring David Niven

starring George Lazenby

starring Roger Moore

starring Timothy Dalton

starring Pierce Brosnan

Recently, MGM has managed to acquire the distribution rights to the Casino Royale spoof and Never Say Never Again (due to a legal settlement with Kevin McClory, who formerly held the story rights to Thunderball and responsible for making Never Say Never Again), and thus now owns nearly all 'Bond Films'.

other James Bond films

  • Casino Royale, 1954. Starring: Barry Nelson, Linda Christian, Michael Pate, and Peter Lorre. Made for CBS television.
  • La Resurrection du Dragon, 1978. Starring: Alexander Grant. An unofficial, French-made Bond movie.
  • The Green Jade Mahjongg, 1980's. Bond actor unknown. A very obscure, Asian-made Bond movie. Incidentally, the actor playing Bond was American.
  • The Return of the Man From U.N.C.L.E, 1983 made-for-TV sequel to the 1960s series, with George Lazenby reprising his On Her Majesty's Secret Service turn as Bond (although for legal reasons, his character was credited as simply "JB").
  • A hoax was perpetrated in 2004 in which there were rumors of a lost 1956 version of "Moonraker" made by Orson Welles. Supposedly, this lost film was recently discovered in the form of 40 minutes of raw footage. However, the film was soon revealed to be a hoax. See [1] for more information.

Bond cars

Video Games

There was also a generic Bond game based on the game engine.

Parody

There were several parodies of the Bond novels in the 1960's.

Michael K. Frith and Christopher B. Cerf of the Harvard Lampoon wrote Alligator by I*n Fl*m*ng in 1962.

Sol Weinstein wrote four novels about Israel Bond, Agent Oy-Oy-Seven, beginning in 1965: Loxfinger, Matzohball, In the Secret Service of His Majesty - the Queen, and You Only Live Until You Die.

Cyril Connoly wrote a short story Bond Strikes Camp which satirized a homosexual relationship between M and Bond.

William Henley Knoles, under the pseudonym of Clyde Allison, wrote a series of twenty novels between 1965 and 1968 about Agent 0008, a thinly disguised version of Bond. The books were more action/soft core S&M stories than legitimate satire, but their scarcity has made them sought after Bond collectibles. The series ran: Our Man From Sadisto, Our Girl From Mephisto, Nautipuss, Go-Go Sadisto, The Desdamona Affair, Gamefinger, Sadisto Royale, 0008 Meets Gnatman, For Your Sighs Only, The Lost Bomb, The Merciless Mermaids, Mondo Sadisto, 0008 Meets Modesta Blaze, The Sex-Ray, Roburta The Conqueress, From Rapture With Love, The Ice Maiden, The Sin Funnel, Platypussy, and The Desert Damsels.

The James Bond movies have also been repeatedly parodized:

See also

External link

James Bond (ornithologist)

James Bond (born January 4, 1900) is (as noted above) also the name of the ornithologist who wrote Birds of the West Indies. This book was first published in 1936, is now in its fifth edition and is still in print (ISBN 0618002103). Ian Fleming acknowledged borrowing the name which he felt to be suitably "dull" and "anonymous." James Bond (spy) can be seen examining what appears to be this book in Die Another Day.

A 1997 New York Times article on Ian Fleming refers to Bond as "the late ornithologist." Terance James Bond is the name of an ornithological and wildlife artist born in 1946 in Suffolk, Britain.

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