Old World monkey

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Cercopithecidae
Mandrill
Scientific classification
Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Suborder Haplorhini Superfamily Catarrhini Family Cercopithecidae
Subfamilies
Cercopithecinae - 9 genera Colobinae - 8 genera

The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of primates, falling in the superfamily Catarrhini with the apes. From the point of view of superficial appearance, they are unlike apes in that most have tails (the family name means "tailed ape"), and unlike the New World monkeys in that their tails are never prehensile. Technically, the distinction of catarrhines from platyrrhines depends on the structure of the nose, and the distinction of Old World monkeys from apes depends on dentition.

Several Old World monkeys have anatomical oddities. The colobus has a stub for a thumb; the proboscis monkey has an extraordinary nose; the penis of the male mandrill is colored red and the scrotum has a lilac color, while the face also has bright coloration like the genitalia and this develops in only the dominant male of a multi-male group.

The Old World monkeys are native to Africa and Asia. They include many of the most familiar species of non-human primates. The taxonomy of the Old World monkeys is disputed, and the following list of 17 genera is non-authoritative and has not been placed in an order that reflects modern cladistic research. Some authorities would recognise more genera than are listed here, and the numbers of distinct species in many genera is also in question. For this reason, the common names (many of which are in widespread use) do not always map directly onto the scientific classification.

Classification

Two subfamilies are recognised, the Cercopithecinae, which are mainly African but include the large genus of macaques which are mainly Asian, and the Colobinae, which includes most of the Asian genera but also the three genera of colobus monkeys, all of which are African.

• ORDER PRIMATES
  • Suborder Strepsirhini: non-tarsier prosimians
  • Suborder Haplorhini: tarsiers, monkeys and apes
    • Family Tarsiidae: tarsiers
    • Superfamily Platyrrhini: New World monkeys
      • Family Cebidae: marmosets, tamarins, capuchins and squirrel monkeys
      • Family Atelidae: owl, howler and spider monkeys, titis, sakis and ukaris
    • Superfamily Catarrhini
      • Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys
        • Subfamily Cercopithecinae
          • Genus Allenopithecus
            • Allen's Swamp Monkey, Allenopithecus nigroviridis; Africa
          • Genus Cercocebus
            • Agile Mangabey, Cercocebus agilis; Africa
            • Gray-cheeked Mangabey, Cercocebus albigena; Africa
            • Black Mangabey, Cercocebus aterrimus; Africa
            • Sooty Mangabey, Cercocebus atys; Africa
            • Tana River Mangabey, Cercocebus galeritus; Africa
            • White-collared Mangabey, Cercocebus torquatus; Africa
          • Genus Cercopithecus
            • Vervet Monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops; East Africa
            • Redtail Monkey, Cercopithecus ascanius; Africa
            • Campbell's Monkey, Cercopithecus campbelli; Africa
            • Moustached Monkey, Cercopithecus cephus; Africa
            • Diana Monkey, Cercopithecus diana; Africa
            • Dryas Monkey, Cercopithecus dryas; Africa
            • Red-bellied Monkey, Cercopithecus erythrogaster; Africa
            • Red-eared Nose-spotted Monkey, Cercopithecus erythrotis; Africa
            • Hamlyn's Monkey, Cercopithecus hamlyni; Africa
            • L'hoest's Monkey, Cercopithecus lhoesti; Africa
            • Blue Monkey, Cercopithecus mitis; Africa
            • Mona Monkey, Cercopithecus mona; Africa
            • DeBrazza's Monkey, Cercopithecus neglectus; Africa
            • Greater White-nosed Monkey, Cercopithecus nictitans; Africa
            • Lesser White-nosed Monkey, Cercopithecus petaurista; Africa
            • Crowned Guenon, Cercopithecus pogonias; Africa
            • Preuss's Monkey, Cercopithecus preussi; Africa
            • Sclater's Monkey, Cercopithecus sclateri; Africa
            • Sun-tailed Monkey, Cercopithecus solatus; Africa
            • Wolf's Monkey, Cercopithecus wolfi; Africa
          • Genus Erythrocebus
            • Patas Monkey, Erythrocebus patas; Africa
          • Genus Macaca
            • Stumptailed Macaque, Macaca arctoides
            • Assamese Macaque, Macaca assamensis
            • Muna-Butung Macaque, Macaca brunescens
            • Formosan Rock Macaque, Macaca cyclopis
            • Crab-eating Macaque, Macaca fascicularis
            • Japanese Macaque, Macaca fuscata
            • Heck's Macaque, Macaca hecki
            • Moor Macaque, Macaca maura
            • Rhesus Macaque, Macaca mulatta
            • Pigtailed Macaque, Macaca nemestrina
            • Celebes Macaque, Macaca nigra
            • Gorontalo Macaque, Macaca nigriscens
            • Ochre Macaque, Macaca ochreata
            • Mentawai Macaque, Macaca pagensis
            • Bonnet Macaque, Macaca radiata
            • Lion-tailed Macaque, Macaca silenus
            • Toque Macaque, Macaca sinica
            • Barbary Macaque, Macaca sylvanus
            • Pere David's Macaque, Macaca thibetana
            • Tonkean Macaque, Macaca tonkeana
          • Genus Miopithecus
            • Talapoin Monkey, Miopithecus talapoin; western equatorial Africa
          • Genus Papio
            • Olive Baboon, Papio anubis; Africa
            • Yellow Baboon, Papio cynocephalus; Africa
            • Hamadryas Baboon, Papio hamadryas; Africa
            • Guinea Baboon, Papio papio; Africa
            • Chacma Baboon, Papio ursinus; Africa
          • Genus Theropithecus
            • Gelada, Theropithecus gelada; East Africa
          • Genus Mandrillus
            • Drill, Mandrillus leucophaeus; western equatorial Africa
            • Mandrill, Mandrillus sphinx; western equatorial Africa
        • Subfamily Colobinae
          • Genus Colobus
            • Angolan Black-and-white Colobus Monkey, Colobus angolensis; Africa
            • Abyssinian Black-and-white Colobus Monkey, Colobus guereza; Africa
            • Western Black-and-white Colobus Monkey, Colobus polykomos; Africa
            • Black Colobus Monkey, Colobus satanas; Africa
            • Geoffroy's Black-and-white Colobus Monkey, Colobus vellerosus; Africa
          • Genus Nasalis
            • Pig-tailed Langur, Nasalis concolor; Mentawai Islands, Indonesia
            • Proboscis Monkey, Nasalis larvatus; Borneo
          • Genus Presbytis
            • Grizzled Leaf-monkey, Presbytis comata
            • Banded Leaf-monkey, Presbytis femoralis
            • White Fronted Leaf-monkey, Presbytis frontata
            • Hose's Leaf-monkey, Presbytis hosei
            • Mitered Leaf-monkey, Presbytis melalophos
            • Mentawai Island Leaf-monkey, Presbytis potenziani
            • Maroon Leaf-monkey, Presbytis rubicunda
            • Thomas's Leaf-monkey, Presbytis thomasi
          • Genus Procolobus
            • Western Red Colobus Monkey, Procolobus badius
            • Zanzibar Red Colobus Monkey, Procolobus kirkii
            • Pennant's Red Colobus Monkey, Procolobus pennantii
            • Preuss's Red Colobus Monkey, Procolobus preussi
            • Tana River Red Colobus Monkey, Procolobus rufomitratus
            • Olive Colobus Monkey, Procolobus verus
          • Genus \Pygathrix
            • Tonkin Snub-nosed Langur, Pygathrix avunculus; Asia
            • Black Snub-nosed Langur, Pygathrix bieti; Asia
            • Brelich's Snub-nosed Langur, Pygathrix brelichi; Asia
            • Douc Langur, Pygathrix nemaeus; South-east Asia
            • Snub-nosed Langur, Pygathrix roxellana; Asia
          • Genus Semnopithecus
            • Hanuman Langur, Semnopithecus entellus; Indian subcontinent
          • Genus Trachypithecus
            • Javan Langur, Trachypithecus auratus; Asia
            • Tenasserim Langur, Trachypithecus barbei; Asia
            • Silvered Leaf-monkey, Trachypithecus cristatus; Asia
            • Delacour's Langur, Trachypithecus delacouri; Asia
            • Francois' Leaf-monkey, Trachypithecus francoisi; Asia
            • Golden Langur, Trachypithecus geei; Asia
            • Ha Tinh Langur, Trachypithecus hatinhensis; Asia
            • Nilgiri Langur, Trachypithecus johnii; Asia
            • Laotian Langur, Trachypithecus laotum; Asia
            • White-headed Langur, Trachypithecus leucocephalus; Asia
            • Dusky Leaf-monkey, Trachypithecus obscurus; Asia
            • Phayre's Leaf-monkey, Trachypithecus phayrei; Asia
            • Capped Langur, Trachypithecus pileatus; Asia
            • Golden-headed Langur, Trachypithecus poliocephalus; Asia
            • Purple-faced Langur, Trachypithecus vetulus; Asia
      • Family Hylobatidae: gibbons
      • Family Hominidae: great apes and humans