Self-ionization of water

Summary: Self-ionization or autoionization of water is when water (H2O) is dissociated into hydronium (H3O+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions. Water, however pure, is not a simple collection of H2O molecules. Sensitive equipment can detect a very slight electrical conductivity even in "pure" water, but according to the theories of Svante Arrhenius, conductivity must be due to the presence of ions. Researchers have theorized that that H2O molecules will react with each other to form hydronium and hydroxide ion ...

Self-ionization of water

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Self-ionization or autoionization of water is when water (H₂O) is dissociated into hydronium (H₃O⁺) and hydroxide (OH^-) ions.

Water, however pure, is not a simple collection of H₂O molecules. Sensitive equipment can detect a very slight electrical conductivity even in "pure" water, but according to the theories of Svante Arrhenius, conductivity must be due to the presence of ions. Researchers have theorized that that H₂O molecules will react with each other to form hydronium and hydroxide ions. The reaction is as follows:

There is normally a very low percentage of H₃O⁺ and OH^- in water. The equilibrium constant for pure water at 25�C is 10^-14, which means for every ten million (10⁷) molecules of water, one will autoionize. A water deionizer can recombine these naturally occurring ions into pure deionized water temporarily.

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